Today in History for July 3:
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain established a settlement at Quebec City. He called it Kebec, an Algonquin word meaning "place where the river narrows." Its residents faced countless hardships, including cold weather and disease. By the time a relief ship arrived at Quebec a year later, all but eight of Champlain's party were dead.
In 1797, the Law Society of Upper Canada was formed.
In 1814, Fort Erie, Ont., was seized by an American force under Jacob Brown. The force -- the last foreign troops to occupy Canadian soil -- retreated four months later.
In 1838, Francis Hincks founded the "Toronto Examiner."
In 1870, R.B. Bennett, Canada's prime minister from 1930-35, was born in Hopewell Hill, N.B. He died in Britain in 1947.
In 1876, the Intercolonial Railway was completed between Halifax and Riviere-du-Loup, Que.
In 1890, Idaho became the 43rd U.S. state.
In 1893, the city of Kamloops, B.C., was incorporated.
In 1898, Joshua Slocum of Briar Island, N.S., arrived in Newport, R.I., to complete the first solo circumnavigation of the globe.
In 1904, Hungarian-born Zionist leader Theodor Herzl died. He launched the movement that led to the establishment of Israel in 1948.
In 1907, Pope St. Pius X, in his encyclical Lamentabili, formally condemned the "modernist" intellectual movement, as it exhibited itself in the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1909, a fire in Cobalt, Ont., left one-third of the community's 6,000 residents homeless.
In 1916, the first loudspeaker was used at a teachers' convention in New York's Madison Square Garden. The device was perfected by AT&T using the audion triode developed by radio pioneer Lee De Forest to provide undistorted amplification.
In 1928, in London, John Logie Baird sent the world's first colour television transmission.
In 1934, the "Canada Act" created the Bank of Canada.
In 1944, during the Second World War, Soviet forces recaptured Minsk.
In 1954, more than 14 years of food rationing ended in Britain.
In 1957, Canadian industrialist Cyrus Eaton founded the annual conference on world affairs and science in Pugwash, N.S.
In 1962, Algeria became independent after 132 years of French rule.
In 1965, "Trigger," the famed horse of cowboy movie star Roy Rogers, died at age 33.
In 1967, Elaine Tanner set a Canadian record in the 100-metre women's backstroke of one minute, 8.6 seconds at the Canadian swimming and diving championships in Winnipeg. Often called Canada's best female swimmer, Tanner's career in international competition was brief but outstanding. In 1966, she was the most successful woman swimmer at the Commonwealth Games, winning four gold and three silver medals. She also won two gold and two silver medals at the 1967 Pan-American Games, and two silver and one bronze at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City.
In 1968, a bill making horse racing legal in Ontario on Sundays and giving responsibility to the municipalities was given its final reading in the legislature.
In 1979, Dan White, convicted of voluntary manslaughter in the shooting deaths of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, was sentenced to seven years and eight months in prison. He ended up serving five years.
In 1981, the "Arctic Explorer," under charter to the Canadian government for surveys off the East Coast, sunk off Newfoundland's northern tip, killing 13 people.
In 1986, four days of celebrating the Statue of Liberty's 100th birthday began in New York City.
In 1987, two men became the first hot-air balloon travellers to cross the Atlantic. But British millionaire Richard Branson and Swedish-born designer Per Lindstrand were forced to jump into the sea as their craft went down off Scotland.
In 1988, the "USS Vincennes" shot down an Iranian passenger jet, mistaking it for a hostile aircraft. All 290 people aboard died.
In 1991, former corporate enemies Apple Computer and IBM publicly joined forces in a broad pact to swap technologies and develop new machines.
In 1992, a Quebec jury acquitted 34 Mohawks for their part in the 77-day armed standoff at Oka in 1990.
In 2000, a New York court quashed the Canadian government's US$1 billion smuggling lawsuit against the RJR Macdonald tobacco company.
In 2001, acclaimed Canadian writer Mordecai Richler died of cancer in Montreal at age 70.
In 2005, Switzerland's Roger Federer defeated American Andy Roddick to become the third man since 1936 to win three straight Wimbledon titles.
In 2008, Larry Harmon, who turned "Bozo the Clown" into a show business staple, died in Los Angeles at age 83.
In 2009, Cpl. Nicholas Bulger, 30, a member of 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, based in Edmonton, was killed when his vehicle struck an improvised explosive device in Afghanistan's Kandahar province.
In 2010, Mohammed Oudeh, the key planner of the 1972 Munich Olympics attack on Israeli athletes, died of kidney failure in Damascus. He was 73. He did not participate in the Sept. 5, 1972 attack that resulted in the death of two Israeli athletes, while nine others died in a botched rescue attempt by the German police.
In 2011, five years after an army coup, the sister of exiled former Thailand Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, Yingluck Shinawatra, led the main opposition party to a landslide election victory, becoming the country's first female prime minister.
In 2012, beloved actor Andy Griffith, who made homespun Southern wisdom his trademark as the wise sheriff in "The Andy Griffith Show" and the rumpled defence lawyer in "Matlock," died. He was 86.
In 2013, Egypt's military ousted the nation's first democratically elected president, Mohammed Morsi, after just a year in power, installing a temporary civilian government, suspending the constitution and calling for new elections. (Nearly a year after he ousted Morsi, former military chief Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi was elected president by a landslide.)
In 2016, 15-1 longshot Sir Dudley Digges surged past Scholar Athlete and favourite Amis Gizmo to win the 157th running of the Queen's Plate, the first jewel of the Canadian Triple Crown of thoroughbred horse racing.
In 2016, an Islamic State suicide bomber detonated a truck in downtown Baghdad, killing 324 people and wounding over 150 others who were out shopping shortly after midnight and celebrating ahead of the holiday marking the end of Ramadan.
In 2019, actor Arte Johnson, who won an Emmy for comedy sketch work on the television show "Laugh-In," died in Los Angeles. He was 90. A family representative said Johnson died of heart failure following a three-year battle with bladder and prostate cancer. Johnson became known for his catchphrase "Verrry interesting" on "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In." The Michigan native won an Emmy in 1969 and was nominated two more times through his work on the hit show.
In 2020, Youth Minister Bardish Chagger announced the WE organization wouldn't manage the federal government's $900-million program to pay students and fresh graduates for summer volunteer work. The sole-sourced deal had been criticized because of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's close relationship with the group.
In 2020, Canada suspended its extradition treaty with Hong Kong as part of a package of responses to a new security law China imposed on the territory. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also said Canada would treat sensitive goods being exported to Hong Kong as if they were being sent to mainland China. That means an outright ban on some military-related goods being traded there.
In 2020, P.E.I., Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia began allowing their Atlantic neighbours to visit without self-isolating for 14 days after entering. The so-called "Atlantic Bubble" was meant to boost struggling local economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. (The bubble ended in November after a rise in cases in the area.)
In 2022, historian Irving Abella died at 82. He was the co-author of a seminal book on the Canadian government's refusal to accept Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust. His 1982 book "None is too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933-1948,'' co-written with Harold Troper, shed light on the largely untold story of Canada's anti-immigrant policies toward Jews.
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The Canadian Press